Monday, December 18, 2023

A Roman Denarius


I received a gift today from my son of a Roman Denarius coin. It is purported to be a silver coin issued in Rome between 211 and 238 BC.  The silver denarius was first issued in 211 BC as part of a coinage reform.  It contained approximately 4.5 grams of silver and was worth 10 asses, hence the name meaning "ten".

The inscriptions on the coin lead me to believe this coin is from a later date during the imperial era.



This coin has an image of Aequitas on the reverse.  She was the goddess of fair trade and honest merchants. This image was common on these coins through the republican and imperial eras.  She is shown with a cornucopia on the right a symbol of wealth via commerce.  She also holds a balance symbolizing fairness on the left.  The letters "COS" on the left stand for "consul"  The letters on the right are too worn to make out, but could be IIII signifying that the person on the obverse had been consul for the fourth time when the coin was minted.

The obverse shows a male head in profile.  In other coins from the republican ear the obverse showed images of Jupiter and sometimes Hercules.  It's not clear to me if this image represents either.  The image wears a laurel wreath and appears to have its hair tied with a bow in the back.  The inscription around the edge of the coin is difficult to read but it looks like it ends with "ONINVSAVC".  A similar coin from the imperial era at the British Museum at attributed to Antonius Pius, the father of Hadrian. ONINVS could thus be an abbreviation for Antonius.  The AVC would be AVG an abbreviation for Augustus meaning the coin shows an emperor.






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